Standard library

Every namespace follows the same rules, so a call you haven't seen before reads like one you have.

The sections below list every operation beyond the contract's baseline, with its signature, failures and SQL form, one section per namespace or group of types.

Operators on standard types work by one fixed table rather than a library function per job, so price * 20% and distance / 2h read as they would on paper.

A list holds items of one type in order, like an array in TypeScript, except that it never changes: every operation that changes a list gives you a new one.

A set holds items of one type, each only once, and has no order your code can use.

A map holds values by key, like a Map in TypeScript, except that it never changes.

A range is a span of values between a start and an end, such as a booking's hours or a band of cake sizes.

Numbers have two namespaces: integer operations take values built on Int, and decimal operations take values built on Decimal.

The money operations make, take apart, add up, share out and convert amounts of Money.

The text operations count, search, cut, pad and change the case of text, and turn other values into text and back.

A Bytes value is a whole: the bytes operations make a new one, encoding writes it as text and reads it back, and hash digests it.

The encoding operations turn bytes into text and back: Base64 and Base64url for bytes sent as text, hexadecimal for digests, UTF-8 for text as bytes, and percent-encoding for a part of a link.

The hash and crypto operations hash values, encrypt and decrypt them, hash and check passwords, sign and check messages, and check tokens and one-time codes.

crypto.verify_jwt checks a JSON Web Token (JWT) that another service signed, such as the token a partner's sign-in service gives a person.

random gives your app random tokens, codes, whole numbers, shuffles and samples.

Four namespaces turn data in a format into your app's types and back, each in one shape.

json reads and writes JSON.

and, or and not are the logical operators (Expressions and operators).

A SQL form is a PostgreSQL 16 expression that gives exactly the result the runtime gives, for every argument.

If you know TypeScript, a few of the standard library's choices will differ from what you expect.